|
|Section2= |Section3= |Section7= |Section8= }} Linear alkylbenzene is a family of organic compounds with the formula C6H5CnH2n+1. Typically, ''n'' lies between 10 and 16, although generally supplied as a tighter cut, such as C12-C15, C12-C13 and C10-C13, for detergent use.〔''Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals'', third edition, page 3858〕 The CnH2n+1 chain is unbranched. They are sometimes called LABs. They are mainly produced as intermediate in the production of surfactants, for use in detergent. Since the 1960s, LABs have emerged as the dominant precursor of biodegradable detergents.〔Kurt Kosswig,"Surfactants" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'', Wiley-VCH, 2005, Weinheim. 〕 ==Production== Hydrotreated kerosene is a typical feedstock for high purity linear paraffins (n-paraffins), which are subsequently dehydrogenated to linear olefins: :CnH2n+2 → CnH2n + H2 Alternatively, ethylene can be oligomerized (partially polymerized) to produce linear alkenes. The resulting linear mono-olefins react with benzene in the presence of a catalyst to produce the LABs. Hydrogen fluoride (HF) and aluminium chloride (AlCl3) are the two major catalysts for the alkylation of benzene with linear mono-olefins. The HF-based process is commercially dominant; however, the risk of releasing HF (a poisonous substance) into the environment became a concern particularly after the Clean Air Act Amendment. In 1995, a solid catalyst system (the DETAL process) became available. The process eliminates catalyst neutralization and HF disposal. Consequently, most LAB plants built since then have utilized this process.〔(Linear alkylbenzene 07/08-S7 Report, ChemSystems, February 2009. )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「linear alkylbenzene」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|